12/21/2023 0 Comments Geneious prime 2020 citation![]() annulata (tropical theileriosis) to bovines. marginatum ticks can transmit tick-borne pathogens such as Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFv) and spotted fever rickettsiae to humans, Babesia caballi and Theileria equi (piroplasmosis) to horses, and T. Adult Hyalomma ticks feed on ungulates such as Bovidae, Equidae, Cervidae and Suidae, but also (smaller) mammals such as Canidae, Lagomorpha and occasionally humans. Larval feeding, moulting to nymphal stage and nymphal feeding will in most cases occur on the same host, on which the immature stages can be present for up to 26 days. The larvae and nymphs feed on small mammals, ground-dwelling birds and reptiles. Hyalomma marginatum is a species complex including H. tick was found attached to a person in 2012. ticks were reported on horses between 20, and one adult Hyalomma sp. In the Netherlands, three adult Hyalomma sp. marginatum have been found in northern and western European countries. were also found on migrating birds, but to a lesser extent. In northern and western parts of Europe such as in the United Kingdom, Sweden, Norway and the Netherlands, immature stages of Hyalomma spp. In studies performed in southern and eastern parts of Europe for which thousands of migratory birds were checked for ticks, several hundreds of larvae and nymphs of Hyalomma spp. Migrating birds play an important role in long-distance dispersal of immature stages of H. Incidentally, specimens of Hyalomma marginatum sensu lato (Koch, 1844) have been reported far from the boundaries of their endemic range. Ticks of the genus Hyalomma (Acari: Ixodidae) are endemic in semi-arid regions across Asia, Africa and Europe. Establishment of permanent Hyalomma populations is considered unlikely under the current Dutch climatic conditions. The risk of introduction of tick-borne diseases via Hyalomma ticks on migratory birds is considered to be low. Only one human pathogen, Rickettsia aeschlimannii, was found in one of the ticks. Under the Dutch weather conditions, these nymphs are able to develop to the adult stage, which can be sighted by vigilant citizens. Our results show that Hyalomma ticks are regularly introduced in the Netherlands as nymphs. Analysis of temperatures showed that engorged nymphs arriving on migratory birds in spring were able to moult to adults in 20, and that cumulative daily temperatures in the Netherlands were lower than in areas with established H. In the cross-sectional horse survey, no Hyalomma ticks were found. One adult tick tested positive for Rickettsia aeschlimannii. No Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus or Babesia/ Theileria parasites were detected. rufipes and four, of which only photographic images were available, as Hyalomma sp. Fifteen ticks were detected on horses and two on humans. Seventeen adult Hyalomma ticks (one in 2018, eleven in 2019, five in 2020) were found by citizens and reported. Analysis of temperature was done to assess the possibility of (i) introduced engorged nymphs moulting to adults and (ii) establishment of populations in the Netherlands. Additionally, a cross-sectional survey of horses was conducted to actively search for Hyalomma ticks in summer 2019. Cluster analysis, based upon sequence data ( cox1 barcoding) for molecular identification, and pathogen detection were performed. Hyalomma ticks were morphologically identified. The objective of this study was to analyse adult Hyalomma ticks that were recently found in the Netherlands. Ticks of the genus Hyalomma, which are vectors for several tick-borne diseases, are occasionally found in areas outside their endemic range including northern parts of Europe.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |